Corruption Of Champions Map
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3ie champions the research transparency and reproducibility movement as a means of understanding and mitigating challenges to the credibility of social science research, while also working toward stronger integration of ethical principles into practice.
In Sri Lanka, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa dissolved the parliament in early March, intending to hold elections the following month. The pandemic delayed the vote, however, giving Rajapaksa the opportunity to rule virtually unchecked and consolidate power through various ministerial appointments. After his party swept the August elections, the new parliament approved constitutional amendments that expanded presidential authority, including by allowing Rajapaksa to appoint electoral, police, human rights, and anticorruption commissions. The changes also permitted the chief executive to hold ministerial positions and dissolve the legislature after it has served just half of its term.
More broadly, democracy has demonstrated its adaptability under the unique constraints of a world afflicted by COVID-19. A number of successful elections were held across all regions and in countries at all income levels, including in Montenegro, and in Bolivia, yielding improvements. Judicial bodies in many settings, such as The Gambia, have held leaders to account for abuses of power, providing meaningful checks on the executive branch and contributing to slight global gains for judicial independence over the past four years. At the same time, journalists in even the most repressive environments like China sought to shed light on government transgressions, and ordinary people from Bulgaria to India to Brazil continued to express discontent on topics ranging from corruption and systemic inequality to the mishandling of the health crisis, letting their leaders know that the desire for democratic governance will not be easily quelled.
Despite commitments on paper, 131 countries have made no significant progress against corruption over the last decade, and this year 27 countries are at a historic low in their CPI score. Meanwhile, human rights and democracy across the world are under assault.
The 2021 CPI results show that countries with well-protected civil and political liberties generally control corruption better. The fundamental freedoms of association and expression are crucial in the fight for a world free of corruption.
The Index ranks 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector corruption according to experts and businesspeople. It relies on 13 independent data sources and uses a scale of zero to 100, where zero is highly corrupt and 100 is very clean.
Meanwhile, the scores of several democracies that used to top the Index and champion anti-corruption efforts around the world are deteriorating. Many of these high-scoring countries remain safe havens for corrupt individuals from abroad.
Increasingly, rights and checks and balances are being undermined not only in countries with systemic corruption and weak institutions, but also among established democracies. Since 2012, 90 per cent of countries have stagnated or declined in their civil liberties score on the Democracy Index.
Corruption undermines the ability of governments to guarantee the human rights of their citizens. This affects the delivery of public services, the dispensation of justice and the provision of safety for all. In particular, grand corruption committed by high-level officials usually combines the large-scale, transnational theft of public funds with gross human rights violations.
Fundamental rights such as freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and access to justice guarantee public participation and keep corruption in check. The current wave of authoritarianism is not driven by coups and violence, but by gradual efforts to undermine democracy. This usually begins with attacks on civil and political rights, efforts to undermine the autonomy of oversight and election bodies, and control of the media.
Uzbekistan is one of the most consistent improvers in the CPI, from a score of just 17 in 2012 to 28 this year. Reforms adopted since 2016 contributed to modest increases in civil liberties, particularly freedom of expression. However, Uzbekistan remains an autocracy and much more is needed to achieve lasting wins against corruption.
Corruption and impunity make it unsafe for people to speak up and demand justice. Ninety-eight per cent of the 331 murders of human rights defenders in 2020 occurred in countries with high levels of public sector corruption, as shown by a CPI score of below 45. At least 20 of these cases were human rights defenders specifically focusing on anti-corruption issues.
With a score of 33, the Philippines is a significant decliner, having lost 5 points since 2014. Since the election of Rodrigo Duterte, the Philippines has also seen a sharp decline in freedom of association and freedom of expression, making it harder to speak up about corruption. In 2020, it was the country with the second highest number of murdered human rights defenders, with a total of 25 deaths.
Corruption may be a multifaceted problem, but it is one we know how to solve. We are calling on the public to demand that governments act on their own anti-corruption and human rights commitments, some of which are decades old and remain unfulfilled. Many of the anti-corruption successes in recent history have been due to the tireless, coordinated efforts of ordinary people, who have taken great personal risks to make change happen.
Corruption is an international problem that requires an international solution. According to a 2018 United Nations study, $1 trillion is paid in bribes every year, while an estimated $2.6 trillion are stolen annually through corruption. This is an amount equivalent to more than five percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP). In developing countries, funds lost to corruption are estimated at 10 times the amount of official development assistance.
Mandela Washington Fellows and Alumni, like 2018 Alumnus Ibrahima Kalil Gueye of Guinea, are changing that. Learn more about his work and why he was selected as an Anticorruption Champion by the U.S. Department of State in this DipNote Post.
The Ruins of Orr are situated on a peninsula south of Ascalon and west of the Crystal Desert. They are the destroyed remains of one of the three Tyrian human kingdoms which was once a vibrant, proud, and prosperous nation. Orrians believed themselves to be the favored of the Six Human Gods, living in the shadows of Arah which had once been inhabited by the gods themselves. Since the awakening of the Elder Dragon Zhaitan caused the Rising of Orr from the depths of the Sea of Sorrows, the landscape has become twisted while the nation's former inhabitants have fallen into Zhaitan's corruption and become its Risen minions. Despite Orr's dark fate, however, hope still lingers deep within it, and the fallen land may still have a chance to be healed.
In 1219 AE, Zhaitan awoke and brought the sunken nation of Orr to the surface. The act wiped out the area's corsair inhabitants and much of the wildlife remaining there, raising them from the dead as Zhaitan's Risen army, causing a Great Tsunami in the process. In the century since, Zhaitan ruled over the fallen landmass and the Strait of Malchor with an unwavering grip.[4] Despite the dragon's corruption, however, a slow life still pulsed in the beleaguered nation's veins.
The eldest of the sylvari Firstborn, Trahearne, threw himself into studying Orr after being given a Wyld Hunt to restore the land. He often traveled to Orr to explore and study it alone, but when he learned that Zhaitan's forces planned to attack Lion's Arch in 1325 AE, he traveled to Claw Island to warn the Lionguard stationed there, albeit too late. The defeat at the Battle of Claw Island made Trahearne seek guidance of the Pale Tree along with a trusted friend of one of the three great Orders of Tyria. In a vision of a possible future shown to Trahearne and his friend in the Dream of Dreams, the spirit of King Reza, the last king of Orr, gave a warning: while Zhaitan could be defeated, Orr could only be healed from the dragon's corruption by \"seeking the source.\" To accomplish this, Trahearne was given Caladbolg, a legendary greatsword created from the bark of the Pale Tree.
In 1330 AE, a Vigil Warmaster confirmed that the Risen army and corruption lingered and that Orr remained a \"waterlogged wreck\", but progress in cleansing the land of both minions and corruption continued. The Pact Commander entered the Artesian Waters once again and faced a final challenge to restore Caladbolg after it had been broken in the Pact's war against the Elder Dragon Mordremoth.
Some time after the fall of Zhaitan, Siren's Landing was revealed in Orr and attracted Tyrian adventurers, scholars and treasure hunters to explore it. Firstborn Dagonet, sylvari and other races of Tyria continued to work on restoring Orr while entering and studying the newly revealed region. They were joined by King Reza and a number of ghostly Orrian royals and servants, seeking to restore ancient reliquaries devoted to the Six Gods and purge the land of Zhaitan's lingering corruption. Oakhearts helped spread verdance to Siren's Landing albeit at a slow pace as they were clashing with Zhaitan's remaining minions. Lingering ghosts of Orrian musical wizards known as the Sirens of Orr sang the dirges of five gods with the Siren Master teaching curious explorers ways to harness the magical power of these ancient songs.
As the quantity, quality, and relevance of local news increases, so does the production of news that exposes corruption. Access to more government data and records, for example, can expose corruption and increase public interest in open data. When this is done in a way that also provides solutions and actions to resolve a problem, public engagement in civic affairs is increased. When this output fails to provide solutions to problems, however, the public becomes more cynical and less engaged. 153554b96e
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